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了 — pronunciations, definitions, and tags
HanziPinyinEnglishTags
le(modal particle intensifying preceding clause)HSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
leto finishHSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
le(completed action marker)HSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
leto achieveHSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
leclear; to finish; particle of completed actionHSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
leto understandHSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
le(of eyes) brightHSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
leclear-sightedHSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
leto understand clearlyHSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
leunofficial variant of 瞭[liao4]HSK 1, unknown, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
liǎo(modal particle intensifying preceding clause)HSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
liǎoto finishHSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
liǎo(completed action marker)HSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
liǎoto achieveHSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
liǎoclear; to finish; particle of completed actionHSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
liǎoto understandHSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
liǎo(of eyes) brightHSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
liǎoclear-sightedHSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
liǎoto understand clearlyHSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
liǎounofficial variant of 瞭[liao4]HSK 1, unknown, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
liào(modal particle intensifying preceding clause)HSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
liàoto finishHSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
liào(completed action marker)HSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
liàoto achieveHSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
liàoclear; to finish; particle of completed actionHSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
liàoto understandHSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
liào(of eyes) brightHSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
liàoclear-sightedHSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
liàoto understand clearlyHSK 1, ul, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
liàounofficial variant of 瞭[liao4]HSK 1, unknown, 2 strokes, radical 亅, rank #5, Easy
le(le5)
primary
T5
  1. 1(modal particle intensifying preceding clause)
  2. 2to finish
Listen to the audio pronunciation 3 times to gain XP
March 24, 2026
le(le5)

The character 了 (le) is a versatile modal particle used primarily to indicate the completion of an action or change of state. It can also serve to intensify a preceding clause, adding emphasis or indicating a new situation. Its usage is common in both spoken and written Chinese, making it essential for expressing past actions or transitions.

Strokes2RadicalFrequency#5DifficultyEasy
Cultural Note

In Chinese culture, the concept of completion is significant, often reflecting a sense of duty fulfilled or a task completed. The use of 了 in everyday conversation emphasizes clarity and decisiveness, which are valued traits in Chinese society.

Memory Tip

Imagine a person finishing a race with a big 'Le!' shout of victory. The character 了 looks like a person completing the finish line (the left part) with arms up in joy (the right part). This visual can help you remember both its meaning of completion and pronunciation.

Meanings of 了

le(le5)
primary
1(modal particle intensifying preceding clause)
2to finish
Exercise 1 of 2

Listen & Choose the Meaning

Choose the correct answer:

About 了

Simplified
2Strokes
Radical
助词zhùcíparticle (part.)Part of Speech
#5Frequency Rank
HSK 2.0L1HSK 3.0L1ElementaryTOCFLL1HSKKL1CEFRA1

Podcast: 了

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Podcast:

Listen to Jason & Amy break down this word for you

AI Study Notes for 了

Memory Mnemonic

Imagine a person finishing a race with a big 'Le!' shout of victory. The character 了 looks like a person completing the finish line (the left part) with arms up in joy (the right part). This visual can help you remember both its meaning of completion and pronunciation.

Usage Notes

Learners often confuse 了 with other aspect markers like 着 (zhe) or 过 (guo). It's important to remember that 了 typically marks completed actions, while the others indicate ongoing actions or experiences. Use 了 in both formal and informal contexts, but be careful with its placement in sentences, usually following the verb.

HSK Study Tips

As an HSK Level 1 word, 了 is foundational for beginners learning about verb aspects. It connects with other basic verbs and expressions, so focus on practicing sentences that use 了 to convey completed actions. This practice will help solidify your understanding of sentence construction in Mandarin.

Cultural Note

In Chinese culture, the concept of completion is significant, often reflecting a sense of duty fulfilled or a task completed. The use of 了 in everyday conversation emphasizes clarity and decisiveness, which are valued traits in Chinese society.

Common Mistakes

Learners often forget to use 了 when speaking about past actions, such as saying '我吃' instead of '我吃了' for 'I ate.' Additionally, placing 了 before the verb is a common mistake; it should follow the verb instead.

AI-enhanced 2026-03-24

Pronunciation of 了

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Etymology of 了

Formation TypePictographic 象形
六书 ClassificationPictograph (象形字)~4% of characters
Explanation

Pictograph of a young child, similar to 子 but without arms. Relation to meaning uncertain. Sometimes explained as a derivation from 子 by cutting off the arms, depicting something being cut short or finished.

Memory Hint

A child swaddled in blanklets; compare 子

Learn more about Pictograph (象形字) characters
Exercise 1 of 1

Character Formation Type

What type of character formation is 了?

Decomposition of 了

IDS Structure⿱乛亅
Full Character
=
ya5
top
jue2
bottom
Exercise 1 of 2

Identify the Components

Which of these is a component of 了?

Write 了

Practice writing stroke by stroke. Watch the animation to learn the stroke order, then try writing it yourself.

Write correctly 3 times to earn XP

Grammar Patterns of 了

了 carries 10 distinct meanings. Below you'll find the patterns that show how it combines with other words, plus example sentences pulled directly from native usage.

完成时[V] + 了
HSK 3

Used to indicate that an action has been completed.

我吃了。

Wǒ chī le.

I have eaten.

变化时[S] + 了 + [N]
HSK 3

Used to indicate a change of state.

天气变冷了。

Tiānqì biàn lěng le.

The weather has become cold.

Exercise 1 of 4

Complete the Sentence

她病____。

She's gotten sick. / She's sick now.

Common Confusions with 了

vs
liào

Similar pronunciation but different meanings.

了 indicates completed actions, while 过 indicates past experiences.

1

我去过中国。

了 indicates completed actions, while 过 indicates past experiences.

💡Remember that 过 is about experiences, while 了 is about completion.
Exercise 1 of 1

Spot the Difference

Which character means "(modal particle intensifying preceding clause)"?

or

Usage Notes for 了

Using 了 correctlyGrammar Tip

Make sure to use 了 after the verb to indicate that the action has been completed.

1

我看了电影。

I watched the movie.

Exercise 1 of 1

Fill in the Blank

我看____电影。

I watched the movie.

Example Sentences for 了 (10)

Listen to all sentences once to receive XP
1
我今天上午努力熨完了所有的衣服。

wǒ jīn tiān shàng wǔ nǔ lì yùn wán le suǒ yǒu de yī fú。

I managed to get all the ironing done this morning.
2
由于种种阴差阳错,我30岁时我们结了婚。

yóu yú zhǒng zhǒng yīn chà yáng cuò, ,30 wǒ 30 suì shí wǒ mén jié。

We got married when I was 30 for all the wrong reasons.
3
我正在写信,电话铃响了。

wǒ zhèng zài xiě xìn, , diàn huà líng xiǎng。

While I was working on my letter the telephone rang.
4
我离开剑桥时,透支了1万英镑。

wǒ lí kāi jiàn qiáo shí, , tòu zhī1 le 1 wàn。

When I left Cambridge I had a £10,000 overdraft.
5
她既然主动提出帮助照看孩子,我也就同意了。

tā jì rán zhǔ dòng tí chū bāng zhù zhào kàn hái zǐ, , wǒ yě jiù tóng yì。

Since she'd offered to babysit, I took her up on it.
6
带我儿子彼得外出吃饭简直糟糕透了。

dài wǒ ér zǐ bǐ dé wài chū chī fàn jiǎn zhí zāo gāo tòu le。

Taking my son Peter to a restaurant was a nightmare.
7
有人给我们作了介绍,我挨着他坐下了。

yǒu rén gěi wǒ mén zuò le jiè shào, , wǒ āi zháo tā zuò xià。

Someone introduced us and I sat next to him.
8
我已尽力了,但是她母亲贻害颇深。

wǒ yǐ jìn lì le, , dàn shì tā mǔ qīn yí hài pō。

I did what I could, but her mother's influence was pernicious.
9
如果可的松无效,我恐怕只能动手术了。

rú guǒ kě de sōng wú xiào, , wǒ kǒng pà zhī néng dòng shǒu shù。

If the cortisone doesn't take, I may have to have surgery.
10
我妈妈充当了泽尔达和她妈妈之间的调解人。

wǒ mā mā chōng dāng le zé ěr dá hé tā mā mā zhī jiān de tiáo jiě rén。

My mom was the one who mediated between Zelda and her mom.

Cultural Notes for 了

💡Did you know?

The character 了 (le) is often used in everyday conversation to indicate when something has been completed, making it a key part of the Chinese language structure.

🏮Cultural insight

In Chinese culture, the concept of completion is significant, often reflecting a sense of duty fulfilled or a task completed. The use of 了 in everyday conversation emphasizes clarity and decisiveness, which are valued traits in Chinese society.

🌏Cross-cultural Insight

In contrast to English, which often uses auxiliary verbs to indicate completed actions (like 'have'), Chinese relies heavily on particles like 了 (le) to convey this information succinctly.

Word Family of 了

Compounds8
liao2to treat
heng1prospering, going smoothly
Liao2short name for Liaoning 遼寧
liao3ruthenium
Words Containing This Character20
le(completed action marker)
为了wèilein order to為了
了解liǎojiěto understand
到了at last
除了chúlebesides
不了unable to
极了extremely極了
完了wánleto be finished
得了déleall right!
罢了bàlea modal particle indicating (that's all, only, nothing much)罷了
受不了shòubuliǎounbearable
算了suànlelet it be
了不起liǎobuqǐamazing
坏了shoot!壞了
大不了dàbuliǎoat worst
不得了bùdéliǎodisastrous
了结liǎojiéto settle了結
不行了dying
明了plain
说了算to have the final say說了算
Exercise 1 of 4

Compound Meaning

What does 疗 mean?

Frequently Asked Questions about 了

While both 了 (le) and 过 (guò) indicate completed actions, they are used in different contexts. 了 (le) marks a change of state or completion of an action in the present or recent past, while 过 (guò) emphasizes an experience or action that has occurred at some point in the past, regardless of its completion.