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March 24, 2026
包括bāokuò(bao1kuo4)
包括 (bāo kuò) means 'to include' or 'to comprise' elements within a broader category. It is commonly used in contexts where one item encompasses multiple components or aspects, such as lists or groups. This verb conveys the idea of incorporation or involvement, often seen in formal writing and discussions.
Frequency#1221DifficultyMedium
Cultural Note
The concept of inclusion is prevalent in Chinese culture, particularly in discussions around family, community, and collectivism, where it is common to emphasize the importance of belonging and being part of a larger group.
Memory Tip
Imagine a box (包) that is open wide, and inside it, you can see a variety of items (包括). The box represents 'bao' (包) while 'kuò' sounds like 'cure,' reminding you that the box includes everything necessary for a complete solution.
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AI Study Notes for 包括
Quick Contrast
包含 (bāohán) - use 包括 (bāokuò) when emphasizing the inclusion of elements in a broader category, while 包含 (bāohán) focuses on the idea of containing or holding within.
Memory Mnemonic
Imagine a box (包) that is open wide, and inside it, you can see a variety of items (包括). The box represents 'bao' (包) while 'kuò' sounds like 'cure,' reminding you that the box includes everything necessary for a complete solution.
Usage Notes
Learners often confuse 包括 with other similar verbs like 含 (hán), which means 'to contain.' 包括 is used when emphasizing the inclusion of multiple items, while 含 is about a single item. Be mindful of the context to choose the correct term.
HSK Study Tips
As an HSK Level 5 word, 包括 connects well with other verbs that describe actions involving groups or collections, like 组成 (zǔ chéng, to form) and 涉及 (shè jí, to involve). Focus on using 包括 in sentences that list or describe categories.
Cultural Note
The concept of inclusion is prevalent in Chinese culture, particularly in discussions around family, community, and collectivism, where it is common to emphasize the importance of belonging and being part of a larger group.
Common Mistakes
Learners sometimes misuse 包括 by omitting the context or subjects. For example, saying '包括很多' (includes many) is vague; it should be '包括很多种类' (includes many kinds). Always clarify what is included.
AI-enhanced 2026-03-24
Pronunciation of 包括
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Grammar Patterns of 包括
包括 functions as a verb — the action or state of the sentence. The Chinese order is Subject + Verb + Object (我吃饭). Negate it with 不 (habitual / future) or 没(有) (completed action). Add aspect markers like 了, 过, 着 directly after the verb. It carries 5 related meanings, each with its own usage notes below. The example sentences below show it in action, with practice buttons (Listen, Practice Writing, Practice Speaking) on every line.
In order to improve air quality, the government introduced a series of new policies. These include limiting factory emissions and encouraging the use of new energy vehicles.
Example Sentences for 包括 (10)
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1
那个节目将包括英格兰与爱尔兰比赛的实况报道。
nà gè jié mù jiāng bāo kuò yīng gé lán yǔ ài ěr lán bǐ sài de shí kuàng bào dào。
That programme will include live commentary on the England-Ireland game.
We'll put together a proposal, including detailed costings, free of charge.
8
包括咖啡、服务费及增值税在内，一顿五道菜正餐的价格为30英镑。
bāo kuò kā fēi、 、 fú wù fèi jí zēng zhí shuì zài， nèi ， yī dùn wǔ dào cài zhèng cān de jià30 gé wéi。
A five-course meal including coffee, service and VAT is £
9
地图上显示了西部地区的其他部分，包括9个州。
dì tú shàng xiǎn shì le xī bù dì qū de qí tā bù fēn， ， bāo9 kuò 9。
The map shows the rest of the western region, encompassing nine states.
10
他将要访问4个城市，包括萨迪尼亚的卡利亚里。
tā jiāng yào fǎng wèn4 4 gè chéng， shì ， bāo kuò sà dí ní yà de kǎ lì。
He'll be visiting four cities including Cagliari in Sardinia.
Cultural Notes for 包括
🏮Cultural insight
The concept of inclusion is prevalent in Chinese culture, particularly in discussions around family, community, and collectivism, where it is common to emphasize the importance of belonging and being part of a larger group.
Frequently Asked Questions about 包括
You can say: '这个项目包括多个部分' (This project includes multiple parts).
包括 is typically used in formal contexts, such as reports or academic writing.
Yes, 包括 is often used to introduce lists, e.g., '这个产品包括论文、书籍和杂志' (This product includes papers, books, and magazines).
